China Robotaxi Leading Players Accelerate Commercialization Rollout as CaoCao Mobility Refines End-to-End Robotaxi Capabilities

Since 2026, as the autonomous driving industry has continued to advance toward operational robotaxi commercialization, Robotaxi services have evolved from pilot demonstrations to broader scaled deployment. Recently, CaoCao Mobility has pressed ahead with technical validation and operational system development for its Robotaxi business, launching driverless main-seat testing with no safety operator in Hangzhou and refining its RoboX strategy to further drive the progress of robotaxi commercialization. The company has also emerged as a key case study for tracking the strategic direction of China robotaxi leading players.

Industry competition has now shifted from a singular focus on technological breakthroughs to comprehensive capability building spanning vehicle R&D, intelligent operations, infrastructure deployment and global expansion. A growing number of industry insiders agree that the sustainability of future robotaxi commercialization hinges on whether an enterprise has established a complete, closed-loop system covering vehicles, platforms, operations and user services—a standard now widely used to evaluate the overall strength of China robotaxi leading players.

As Geely Holding Group’s primary commercialization vehicle for Robotaxi, CaoCao Mobility continues to improve its robotaxi commercialization framework around its trinity full-factor closed-loop ecosystem of “intelligent purpose-built vehicles + intelligent driving technology + intelligent operations”. The company has currently deployed 100 Robotaxis in Binjiang District, Hangzhou for live operational trials, accumulating real-world road operation experience to support subsequent scaled expansion.

On the vehicle front, CaoCao Mobility continues to advance the development of purpose-built robotaxis. Eva Cab, China’s first natively developed purpose-built robotaxi with CaoCao Mobility’s deep involvement in product definition and R&D, has been officially unveiled. The model adopts a steering-wheel-free, no-front-passenger-seat design and is engineered via forward development specifically for autonomous driving operational scenarios. Under current plans, CaoCao Mobility’s deeply customized purpose-built robotaxi will enter mass production in 2027, with a target of deploying 100,000 units cumulatively by 2030 to further strengthen scaled Robotaxi operational capacity.

Beyond vehicle platforms, mature operational capability remains a critical foundation for robotaxi commercialization. As of December 31, 2025, CaoCao Mobility’s service network covered 195 cities across China, with over 1.9 billion rides completed cumulatively. The company has built a complete system covering fleet dispatching, asset management, user services and digital operations. Notably, CaoCao Mobility has accumulated operational experience from managing more than 38,000 custom vehicles during the human-driven mobility era. This proven operational know-how provides critical support for large-scale Robotaxi fleet management, rather than representing existing Robotaxi units themselves.

To support Robotaxi operational配套 capacity, CaoCao Mobility continues to refine its infrastructure layout. The Green Intelligent Mobility Hub launched in Hangzhou integrates automated battery swapping, vehicle preparation, automated cleaning, smart dispatching and automated settlement functions to enable efficient Robotaxi operations. Coupled with the CaoCao Zhixing RAS (Remote Assistance & Safety) Platform, the system delivers end-to-end safety monitoring, remote assistance and anomaly handling, further enhancing operational safety for Robotaxi fleets.

Global expansion has also become a key priority for CaoCao Mobility’s Robotaxi business. In recent years, the company has entered into a strategic partnership with the Abu Dhabi Investment Office (ADIO), and established separate collaborations with K2 Group and May Mobility to explore robotaxi commercialization deployment in the Middle East and European markets. This extends its proven operational model to overseas markets and broadens the international growth horizon for Robotaxi services.

As Robotaxi enters a new stage of scaled development, industry competition is evolving from pure technological rivalry to ecosystem synergy competition. For China robotaxi leading players, vehicle platforms, operational systems, infrastructure and international cooperation capabilities will collectively determine the efficiency of robotaxi commercialization. Relying on its continuously refined trinity full-factor closed-loop ecosystem, CaoCao Mobility is solidifying the foundation for robotaxi commercialization, while providing practical references for the broader intelligent mobility industry to develop more mature, efficient development pathways.