AI’s Role in OT Threat Detection Across the UAE

Operational Technology (OT) is at the core of critical infrastructure across the UAE, powering everything from energy plants and oil rigs to water treatment facilities and transport systems. 

Unlike traditional IT systems, OT environments are complex, legacy-driven, and often isolated, making them harder to secure and monitor. As cyberattacks on industrial systems grow more advanced and frequent, AI is emerging as a key tool for early threat detection and response. 

The UAE is rapidly expanding its digital infrastructure as part of the national Digital Economy Strategy, which aims to double the digital economy’s contribution to GDP, from 9.7% in 2022 to over 20% by 2031. 

In this article, we explore how AI is reshaping OT cybersecurity across the region. If you are responsible for managing or protecting OT systems, this will help you understand why AI-powered detection is becoming essential for resilience and safety.

Why OT Security Is Now a Strategic Imperative in the UAE

Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure are no longer rare events. From ransomware shutting down fuel pipelines to targeted malware disabling industrial plants, threat actors are increasingly aiming at OT environments. 

These attacks can disrupt national services, endanger public safety, and cause severe financial and reputational damage. The Middle East, including the UAE, has become a key target due to its strategic energy assets and growing digital infrastructure.

Different industries in the UAE face unique OT-related risks:

• Energy & Utilities: Disruption of power grids, smart meters, and distribution networks
• Oil & Gas: Interference with drilling operations, pipeline control systems, and refineries
• Water Management: Tampering with purification processes or remote pump controls
• Manufacturing: Production halts due to compromised industrial control systems
• Transportation & Logistics: Interruption of metro, rail, or port operations

In response, several cybersecurity companies in the UAE are stepping up. One such example is CPX, which offers a full spectrum of cybersecurity services, including OT cybersecurity solutions tailored for enterprise-level operational environments. 

These services are designed to secure critical systems, detect threats in real time, and ensure operational continuity in industries where downtime is not an option.

The Promise of AI in Threat Detection for OT Systems

AI in OT security is still in its early stages, but the potential is already clear. As industrial systems grow more complex and threats become harder to detect through traditional tools, AI is proving useful in monitoring, identifying, and responding to unusual behavior. Below are four practical ways AI is transforming OT threat detection across critical environments:

1. Real-Time Anomaly Detection

AI algorithms can learn the normal behavior of OT systems and instantly detect deviations that may signal a threat. 

Whether it’s a slight shift in temperature, unusual traffic in a PLC, or an unexpected command on a control panel, AI models can flag anomalies in real time. This reduces reliance on static rules or signatures and helps identify zero-day attacks that would go unnoticed by traditional systems. 

In sectors like energy or water management, where quick detection is critical, real-time AI-based monitoring can help stop a problem before it becomes a disaster.

2. Pattern Recognition Across Complex Networks

OT environments often involve thousands of connected devices using outdated or proprietary protocols. Manually spotting issues across these systems is nearly impossible. AI can process massive volumes of data to identify patterns, such as repeated access attempts or recurring changes in machine behavior. 

These patterns help cybersecurity teams uncover slow-moving threats that evolve over days or weeks. In manufacturing or logistics, this capability is especially helpful in maintaining uptime and preventing process disruptions due to hidden malware or unauthorized access.

3. Predictive Threat Modeling

AI doesn’t just detect current issues but it can also anticipate future risks. By analyzing historical data from OT networks, AI models can predict likely attack paths, vulnerable entry points, and risk-prone assets. 

This allows cybersecurity teams to prioritize actions and strengthen defenses proactively. In oil and gas or industrial automation sectors, predictive modeling can reduce the risk of shutdowns or safety incidents by giving early warnings based on system behavior over time. It also supports better resource planning for maintenance and upgrades.

4. Reducing Noise and False Positives

OT environments often generate a high volume of alerts, many of which turn out to be harmless. AI can help filter through this noise by learning which alerts matter and which do not. This dramatically improves the efficiency of incident response teams, allowing them to focus on real threats. For example, in a smart grid setup, AI can distinguish between a legitimate usage spike and a potential cyber intrusion. Reducing false positives saves time, avoids unnecessary panic, and makes the security process far more scalable.

Challenges and Limitations of AI in OT Security

While AI is a powerful tool in modern OT security, it is not a silver bullet. Industrial environments are complex, and applying AI effectively comes with its own set of challenges. 

Let us explore some of the most common challenges when deploying AI in OT threat detection.

1. Integrating AI with Legacy OT Systems

Many OT environments in the UAE still rely on legacy systems that were never designed for modern cybersecurity, let alone AI integration. These systems often lack the APIs or digital interfaces needed to feed data into AI models. 

Bridging this gap requires custom solutions, additional hardware, or protocol converters, which can increase costs and complexity. In some cases, even collecting basic telemetry from critical assets is difficult. Unless these limitations are addressed, AI will be running blind in large parts of the OT network, reducing its overall effectiveness.

2. Shortage of Quality Data for Model Training

AI systems rely on large amounts of accurate, labeled data to detect anomalies and predict threats. In OT environments, this data is often:

• Incomplete or inconsistent
• Stored in siloed systems
• Unlabeled or lacking context
• Affected by noise from normal operational variances

Without clean and well-structured data, AI models may learn the wrong patterns or miss subtle indicators of risk. This can result in inaccurate outputs or failure to detect genuine threats, especially when dealing with rare but high-impact incidents.

3. High False Positive Rates in Early Stages

AI models need time to learn what is normal in a specific OT environment. During this learning phase, false positives are common. These incorrect alerts can overwhelm security teams and lead to alert fatigue, where real threats may get ignored. In a 24/7 industrial setup like a power plant or logistics hub, this can create unnecessary disruption or lead to overreaction. Fine-tuning AI models to reduce noise without missing real threats takes significant time and ongoing calibration, which some enterprises may not be prepared for.

4. Lack of Skilled Talent to Manage AI in OT

Deploying AI in OT security requires more than just installing a platform. It demands skilled professionals who understand both cybersecurity and industrial operations. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of such talent in the UAE and globally. 

Teams often struggle to manage AI systems, interpret results, and integrate insights into incident response workflows. Without proper oversight, even the best AI tools can underperform or generate confusion. Building internal capabilities or working with specialized partners becomes essential to extract real value from AI in OT environments.