Keloids: Understanding the Scar That Keeps Growing
Most people expect scars to fade with time. But for some, the body’s healing response creates a scar that doesn’t stop growing. This is called a keloid, and it can be frustrating both physically and emotionally.
What Are Keloids?
Keloids are raised scars caused by an overproduction of collagen during the wound healing process. Instead of stopping when the skin is repaired, collagen keeps building up, forming thick, smooth scar tissue that extends beyond the original injury.
They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the shoulders, upper back, chest, jawline, and earlobes.
Causes of Keloids
Keloids can form after:
- Cuts or lacerations
- Burns or blisters
- Acne breakouts
- Surgical procedures
- Tattoos and piercings
- Vaccination marks
- Minor scratches or insect bites
Even small injuries can lead to keloids if the skin’s healing response is overly aggressive.
Who Is at Risk?
Not everyone develops keloids. Certain factors increase the likelihood:
- Genetics – Family history plays a big role.
- Skin tone – Darker skin types are more prone.
- Age – Keloids occur more often between ages 10 and 30.
- Location of injury – Some areas of the body are more susceptible.
Signs and Symptoms
Keloids are typically easy to identify because of their size and texture. They may be:
- Firm and raised above the skin
- Shiny with a smooth surface
- Pink, red, brown, or darker than surrounding skin
- Itchy, tender, or sensitive to touch
- Larger than the wound they came from
Some remain small, while others grow over time and cause discomfort.
Treatment Options
Keloids can be stubborn and may return after treatment, but several approaches can improve their appearance and reduce symptoms.
- Steroid Injections
Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and flatten the scar. - Laser Therapy
Smooths the scar surface and lightens discoloration. - Cryotherapy
Uses extreme cold to shrink smaller keloids. - Surgical Removal
Removes the scar completely, often followed by other treatments to prevent regrowth. - Silicone Sheets or Gels
Applied daily to soften and flatten keloids over time. - Pressure Therapy
Uses compression garments to limit scar tissue formation.
Prevention for At-Risk Individuals
For people who tend to develop keloids, prevention is essential:
- Avoid unnecessary piercings or tattoos.
- Treat acne promptly to prevent deep scarring.
- Protect wounds from excessive sun exposure.
- Apply silicone gel or sheets during recovery.
- Inform doctors about your tendency toward keloids before surgery.
Emotional and Social Impact
While keloids are harmless from a medical standpoint, they can impact a person’s self-esteem, especially if located on visible areas like the face, neck, or hands. Feelings of embarrassment or anxiety are common, and in some cases, counseling or support groups can help individuals cope.
Advances in Research
Researchers are developing new treatments that aim to prevent keloid recurrence. Combination therapies—such as laser treatment followed by steroid injections—have shown promising results. There’s also growing interest in targeted medications that could stop the skin from producing excess collagen during healing.
Final Thoughts
Keloids are the result of an overactive healing process. While they can be stubborn, modern medicine offers multiple treatment options to help flatten scars, reduce symptoms, and restore confidence. The best outcomes come from a combination of early intervention, preventive measures, and tailored medical care.
